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Title
AusAID - Of the people,
by the people,
for the people:
Community-Based Sewer Systems in Malang, Indonesia
Abstract
Indonesia has one of the lowest rates of urban
sewerage coverage in Asia, causing widespread
contamination of surface and ground waters. As a
result, the country has experienced repeated local
epidemics of gastrointestinal infections, and has the
highest incidence of typhoid in Asia. Economic losses
attributable to inadequate sewerage are
conservatively estimated at US$ 4.7 billion per year,
or 2.4% of 1997 GDP-roughly equivalent to US$12
per household per month (ADB 1999).
The low coverage is partly the result of the
Government of Indonesia policy, which currently
assigns responsibility for sanitation to households
(World Bank 1993). This policy-which is a result of
the poor past performance of large centralized sewer
systems has inhibited the evolution of effective local
government institutions for the planning,
implementing and operating of sewer systems.
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